In SAS joining the two or more tables done by interleave and merging method, but in this joining data should be sorted before adding. So, it will alter the original table until or unless you can use the out statement.
So out statements are required during sorting process in SAS for saving the original data but in case of SQL joining it did not alter the original table. A proc SQL join uses a different process than data step merge to combine data sets.
Conceptually, PROC SQL first creates a Cartesian product of all input sets. That is, PROC SQL first matches each observation with every other observation in the other input data sets. Then, PROC SQL eliminates any observations from the result set that do not satisfy the WHERE clause of the join statement. Where clauses use for data subset.
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